Philosophical-Theological Rethinking of the Qur’anic Moral System and its Capacity to Resolve Contemporary Ethical and Social Problems (A Comparative Study with Virtue, Care, and Discourse Ethical Theories)

Document Type : Original Article

Author
mohammad reza bahary
Faculty member, University of Tehran
10.22034/socr.2026.2075072.1034
Abstract
Introduction: The contemporary world faces a profound moral crisis characterized by extreme individualism and the collapse of social bonds,. This research re-examines the Qur’anic moral system to address these challenges and bridge the gap in comparative ethical studies between Islamic and Western paradigms.
Objective: The primary objective is to analyze the Qur’anic ethical system's capacity to solve contemporary social dilemmas by comparing it with three major Western theories: Ethics of Care, Virtue Ethics, and Discourse Ethics.
Methodology: This study employs an analytical-comparative methodology with a documentary approach,. Data were extracted from authoritative exegetical, philosophical, and sociological sources, including the works of major Western philosophers.
Findings: Findings reveal that Qur’anic ethics is a comprehensive, monotheistic system grounded in the triad of mercy, justice, and wisdom,. Unlike one-dimensional Western paradigms, the Qur’anic system integrates emotional, rational, and social dimensions into an organic relationship with monotheism and tazkiyah (purification).
Conclusion: The Qur’anic moral system provides a theocentric framework capable of addressing social crises such as family disintegration and inequality,. It serves as an indigenous model for Islamic societies and a philosophical foundation for global cross-cultural dialogue.

Keywords

Jameˈeh Pazhouhi
Volume 1, Issue 2
Summer 2025
Pages 73-100