The concept of Dar aIsalam and its limits in the Islamic world

Introduction: This article addresses the tension between traditional religious boundaries (Dar al-Islam) and modern national borders, impacting Muslim identity and daily jurisprudence. It examines Dar al-Islam and its political implications.
Objective: The study analyzes Dar al-Islam's concept and contemporary relevance, exploring its interpretation by Muslim thinkers amid modern national divisions.
Methodology: Employing a conceptual and analytical approach, this research clarifies Dar al-Islam's definitions, criteria, and modern relevance via Islamic jurisprudential texts and scholarly views.
Findings: Classically, Dar al-Islam is territory under Muslim rule where Islamic laws are applied. This has significant jurisprudential implications (e.g., Lāqṭah, Sūq al-Muslimīn). While Dar al-Sulh permits peace, radical groups exploit distinctions for unconditional jihad, expanding kufr. Modern interpretations include Allameh Tabataba'i's Ummah vision and Imam Khomeini's model of powerful Islamic states respecting national borders.
Conclusion: Reinterpreting classical Dar al-Islam for modern nation-states is crucial. Imam Khomeini's model, balancing Islamic faith identity with national borders, offers a viable solution for unity, counteracting radicalism, and fostering coexistence.